552 lines
19 KiB
Bash
552 lines
19 KiB
Bash
#!/bin/sh
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#
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# update Cloudflare DNS records with current (dynamic) IP address
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# Script by Asif Bacchus <asif@bacchus.cloud>
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# Last modified: July 19, 2026
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# Version 3.0
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#
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### text formatting presets using tput
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if command -v tput >/dev/null; then
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[ -z "$TERM" ] && export TERM=xterm
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bold=$(tput bold)
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cyan=$(tput setaf 6)
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err=$(tput bold)$(tput setaf 1)
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magenta=$(tput setaf 5)
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norm=$(tput sgr0)
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ok=$(tput setaf 2)
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warn=$(tput bold)$(tput setaf 3)
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yellow=$(tput setaf 3)
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width=$(tput cols)
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else
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bold=""
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cyan=""
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err=""
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magenta=""
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norm=""
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ok=""
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warn=""
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yellow=""
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width=80
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fi
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badParam() {
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if [ "$1" = "null" ]; then
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printf "\n%sERROR: '%s' cannot have a NULL (empty) value.\n" "$err" "$2"
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printf "%sPlease use '--help' for assistance.%s\n\n" "$cyan" "$norm"
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exit 1
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elif [ "$1" = "dne" ]; then
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printf "\n%sERROR: '%s %s'\n" "$err" "$2" "$3"
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printf "file or directory does not exist or is empty.%s\n\n" "$norm"
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exit 1
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elif [ "$1" = "errMsg" ]; then
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printf "\n%sERROR: %s%s\n\n" "$err" "$2" "$norm"
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exit 1
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fi
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}
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getHostname() {
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(hostname -s)
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}
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getTimeStamp() {
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(date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
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}
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lowercase() {
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echo "$1" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
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}
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uppercase() {
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echo "$1" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
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}
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# 1: cloudflare error object, 2: operation identifier
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listCFErrors() {
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# extract error codes and messages in separate variables, replace newlines with underscores
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codes="$(printf "%s" "$1" | jq -r '.errors | .[] | .code' | tr '\n' '_')"
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messages="$(printf "%s" "$1" | jq -r '.errors | .[] | .message' | tr '\n' '_')"
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# iterate codes and messages, assemble into a coherent log message
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while [ -n "$codes" ] && [ -n "$messages" ]; do
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# get the first code and message in respective sets
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code="${codes%%_*}"
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message="${messages%%_*}"
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# update sets of codes and messages by removing the first item (above) in each set
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codes="${codes#*_}"
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messages="${messages#*_}"
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# output to log
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writePlainTextLog "${message}" "err" "fail" "$2" "$code"
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done
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}
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standardizeLogLevels() {
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LEVEL_TO_STANDARDIZE="$(lowercase "$1")"
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case "$LEVEL_TO_STANDARDIZE" in
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"critical" | "crit" | "fatal")
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echo "CRIT"
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;;
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"error" | "err")
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echo "ERR"
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;;
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"warning" | "warn")
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echo "WARN"
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;;
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"information" | "info")
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echo "INFO"
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;;
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"debug" | "verbose")
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echo "DEBUG"
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;;
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*)
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echo "INFO"
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;;
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esac
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}
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# modified syslog fmt: <ISO-8601 timestamp> <hostname> <tag>[pid]: [LEVEL:$2] [STATUS:$3] <MESSAGE:$1> (<OPERATION:$4>:<CODE:$5>)
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writePlainTextLog() {
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# not enough information to generate a meaningful log message
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if [ -z "$1" ] || [ $# -lt 3 ]; then
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return
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fi
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printf "%s %s %s[%s]: [%s] [%s] %s (%s:%s)\n" \
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"$(getTimeStamp)" "$(getHostname)" "$LOG_PROGRAM_NAME" "$$" \
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"$(standardizeLogLevels "$2")" "$(uppercase "$3")" "$1" "${4:-UNSPECIFIED}" "${5:-0}" \
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>>"$logFile"
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}
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scriptExamples() {
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newline
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printf "Update Cloudflare DNS host A/AAAA records with current IP address.\n"
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printf "%sUsage: %s --records host.domain.tld[,host2.domain.tld,...] [parameters]%s\n\n" "$bold" "$scriptName" "$norm"
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textBlock "${magenta}--- usage examples ---${norm}"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "${scriptName} -r myserver.mydomain.net"
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textBlock "Update Cloudflare DNS records for myserver.mydomain.net with the auto-detected public IP4 address. Credentials will be expected in the default location and the log will be written in the default location also."
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "${scriptName} -r myserver.mydomain.net -6"
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textBlock "Same as above, but update AAAA host records with the auto-detected public IP6 address."
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "${scriptName} -r myserver.mydomain.net,myserver2.mydomain.net -l /var/log/cfddns.log --nc"
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textBlock "Update DNS entries for both listed hosts using auto-detected IP4 address. Write a non-coloured log to '/var/log/cfddns.log'."
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "${scriptName} -r myserver.mydomain.net,myserver2.mydomain.net -l /var/log/cfddns.log --ip6 --ip fd21:7a62:2737:9c3a::a151"
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textBlock "Update DNS AAAA entries for listed hosts using the *specified* IP address. Write a colourful log to the location specified."
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "${scriptName} -r myserver.mydomain.net -c /root/cloudflare.creds -l /var/log/cfddns.log --ip 1.2.3.4"
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textBlock "Update DNS A entry for listed hostname with the provided IP address. Read cloudflare credentials file from specified location, save log in specified location."
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "${scriptName} -r myserver.mydomain.net -c /root/cloudflare.creds -l /var/log/cfddns.log -6 -i fd21:7a62:2737:9c3a::a151"
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textBlock "Exact same as above, but change the AAAA record. This is how you run the script once for IP4 and again for IP6."
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exit 0
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}
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scriptHelp() {
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newline
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printf "Update Cloudflare DNS host A/AAAA records with current IP address.\n"
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printf "%sUsage: %s --records host.domain.tld[,host2.domain.tld,...] [parameters]%s\n\n" "$bold" "$scriptName" "$norm"
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textBlock "The only required parameter is '--records' which is a comma-delimited list of hostnames to update. However, there are several other options which may be useful to implement."
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textBlock "Parameters are listed below and followed by a description of their effect. If a default value exists, it will be listed on the following line in (parentheses)."
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newline
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textBlock "${magenta}--- script-related parameters ---${norm}"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "-c | --cred | --creds | --credentials | -f (deprecated, backward-compatibility)"
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textBlock "Path to the file containing your Cloudflare *token* credentials. Please refer to the repo README for more information on format, etc."
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textBlockDefaults "(${accountFile})"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "--log-file"
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textBlock "Path where the log file should be written. Script will use file-based logging."
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textBlockDefaults "(${logFile})"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "--log-console"
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textBlock "Switch value. Script will use console-based (stdout) logging."
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textBlockDefaults "(disabled: use file-based logging)"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "--log-journal"
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textBlock "Switch value. Script will use journald-based logging."
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textBlockDefaults "(disabled: use file-based logging)"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "--log-none"
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textBlock "Switch value. Script will not log anything. You will not have *any* output from the script if you choose this option, so you will not know if updates succeed or fail."
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textBlockDefaults "(disabled: use file-based logging)"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "--fmt-json"
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textBlock "Switch value. Use JSON formatted key-value pair structured logging format. Best when using a log parsing tool or log management system to read your log files. Does not apply when using '--log-journal'."
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textBlockDefaults "(enabled)"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "--fmt-syslog"
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textBlock "Switch value. Use a modified syslog (plain-text) format for log messages. Ideal when logging to the console. Does not apply when using '--log-journal'."
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textBlockDefaults "(disabled: use structured JSON logging)"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "-h | --help | -?"
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textBlock "Display this information screen."
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "--examples"
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textBlock "Show some usage examples."
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newline
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textBlock "${magenta}--- DNS related parameters ---${norm}"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "-r | --record | --records"
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textBlock "Comma-delimited list of hostnames for which IP addresses should be updated in Cloudflare DNS. This parameter is REQUIRED. Note that this script will only *update* records, it will not create new ones. If you supply hostnames that are not already defined in DNS, the script will log a warning and will skip those hostnames."
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "-i | --ip | --ip-address | -a | --address"
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textBlock "New IP address for DNS host records. If you omit this, the script will attempt to auto-detect your public IP address and use that. N.B. IP addresses are *not* parsed for correctness."
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "-4 | --ip4 | --ipv4"
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textBlock "Switch value. Update Host 'A' records (IP4) only. Note that this script can only update either A *or* AAAA records. If you need to update both, you'll have to run the script once in IP4 mode and again in IP6 mode. If you specify both this switch and the IP6 switch, the last one specified will take effect."
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textBlockDefaults "(enabled: update A records)"
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newline
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textBlockSwitches "-6 | --ip6 | --ipv6"
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textBlock "Switch value. Update Host 'AAAA' records (IP6) only. Note that this script can only update either A *or* AAAA records. If you need to update both, you'll have to run the script once in IP4 mode and again in IP6 mode. If you specify both this switch and the IP4 switch, the last one specified will take effect."
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textBlockDefaults "(disabled: update A records)"
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newline
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textBlock "Please refer to the repo README for more detailed information regarding this script and how to automate and monitor it."
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newline
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exit 0
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}
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newline() {
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printf "\n"
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}
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textBlock() {
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printf "%s\n" "$1" | fold -w "$width" -s
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}
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textBlockDefaults() {
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printf "%s%s%s\n" "$yellow" "$1" "$norm"
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}
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textBlockSwitches() {
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printf "%s%s%s\n" "$cyan" "$1" "$norm"
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}
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### default variable values
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scriptPath="$(CDPATH='' \cd -- "$(dirname -- "$0")" && pwd -P)"
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scriptName="$(basename "$0")"
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logFile="$scriptPath/${scriptName%.*}.log"
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logToJournal=0
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useJsonLogFmt=1
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useSyslogLogFmt=0
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accountFile="$scriptPath/cloudflare.credentials"
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colourizeLogFile=1
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dnsRecords=""
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dnsSeparator=","
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ipAddress=""
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ip4=1
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ip6=0
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ip4DetectionSvc="http://ipv4.icanhazip.com"
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ip6DetectionSvc="http://ipv6.icanhazip.com"
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invalidDomainCount=0
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failedHostCount=0
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### process startup parameters
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if [ -z "$1" ]; then
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scriptHelp
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fi
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while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
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case "$1" in
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-h | -\? | --help)
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# display help
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scriptHelp
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;;
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--examples)
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# display sample commands
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scriptExamples
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;;
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--log-file)
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# use file-based logging at the specified location
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if [ -n "$2" ]; then
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logFile="${2%/}"
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shift
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else
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badParam null "$@"
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fi
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;;
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--log-console)
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# use console-based logging
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logFile="/dev/stdout"
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;;
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--log-journal)
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# use journald-based logging
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logToJournal=1
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;;
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--log-none)
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# do not log anything
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logFile="/dev/null"
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;;
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--fmt-json)
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# use JSON log formatting
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useJsonLogFmt=1
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useSyslogLogFmt=0
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;;
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--fmt-syslog)
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# use modified syslog plain-text log formatting
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useSyslogLogFmt=1
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useJsonLogFmt=0
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;;
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-c | --cred* | -f)
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# path to the Cloudflare credentials file
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if [ -n "$2" ]; then
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if [ -f "$2" ] && [ -s "$2" ]; then
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accountFile="${2%/}"
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shift
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else
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badParam dne "$@"
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fi
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else
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badParam null "$@"
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fi
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;;
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-r | --record | --records)
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# DNS records to update
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if [ -n "$2" ]; then
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dnsRecords=$(printf "%s" "$2" | sed -e 's/ //g')
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shift
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else
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badParam null "$@"
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fi
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;;
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-i | --ip | --ip-address | -a | --address)
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# IP address to use (not parsed for correctness)
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if [ -n "$2" ]; then
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ipAddress="$2"
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shift
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else
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badParam null "$@"
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fi
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;;
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-4 | --ip4 | --ipv4)
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# operate in IP4 mode (default)
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ip4=1
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ip6=0
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;;
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-6 | --ip6 | --ipv6)
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# operate in IP6 mode
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ip6=1
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ip4=0
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;;
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*)
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printf "\n%sUnknown option: %s\n" "$err" "$1"
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printf "%sUse '--help' for valid options.%s\n\n" "$cyan" "$norm"
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exit 1
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;;
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esac
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shift
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done
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### pre-flight checks
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if ! command -v curl >/dev/null; then
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printf "\n%sThis script requires 'curl' be installed and accessible. Exiting.%s\n\n" "$err" "$norm"
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writePlainTextLog "'curl' must be installed and accessible" "fatal" "fail" "preexec" 2
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exit 2
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fi
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if ! command -v jq >/dev/null; then
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printf "\n%sThis script requires 'jq' be installed and accessible. Exiting.%s\n\n" "$err" "$norm"
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writePlainTextLog "'jq' must be installed and accessible" "fatal" "fail" "preexec" 2
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exit 2
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fi
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if [ -z "$dnsRecords" ]; then
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badParam errMsg "You must specify at least one DNS record to update. Exiting."
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writePlainTextLog "At least one DNS record to update must be specified" "fatal" "fail" "params" 1
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fi
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# verify the credentials file exists and is not empty (default check)
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if [ ! -f "$accountFile" ] || [ ! -s "$accountFile" ]; then
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badParam errMsg "Cannot find the Cloudflare credentials file (${accountFile}). Exiting."
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writePlainTextLog "Cannot find the specified Cloudflare credentials file (${accountFile})" "fatal" "fail" "params" 1
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fi
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if [ "$logToJournal" -eq 1 ] && ! command -v logger >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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printf "\n%sThis script requires 'logger' be installed to write entries to your journaling system. Exiting.%s\n\n" "$err" "$norm"
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exit 2
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fi
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# turn off log file colourization if parameter is set
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if [ "$colourizeLogFile" -eq 0 ]; then
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bold=""
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cyan=""
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err=""
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magenta=""
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norm=""
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ok=""
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warn=""
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yellow=""
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fi
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### initial log entries
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writePlainTextLog "starting '${scriptName}'" "info" "ok" "script"
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writePlainTextLog "script path: ${scriptPath}/${scriptName}" "debug" "ok" "startup"
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writePlainTextLog "credentials file: ${accountFile}" "debug" "ok" "startup"
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if [ "$ip4" -eq 1 ]; then
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writePlainTextLog "mode: IPv4" "debug" "ok" "startup"
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elif [ "$ip6" -eq 1 ]; then
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writePlainTextLog "mode: IPv6" "debug" "ok" "startup"
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fi
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# detect and report IP address
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if [ -z "$ipAddress" ]; then
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# detect public ip address
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if [ "$ip4" -eq 1 ]; then
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if ! ipAddress="$(curl -s $ip4DetectionSvc)"; then
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writePlainTextLog \
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"Unable to auto-detect this machine's public IP address; try again later or supply the IP address to be used" "err" "fail" "detectip" 10
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exit 10
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fi
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fi
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if [ "$ip6" -eq 1 ]; then
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if ! ipAddress="$(curl -s $ip6DetectionSvc)"; then
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writePlainTextLog \
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"Unable to auto-detect this machine's public IP address; try again later or supply the IP address to be used" "err" "fail" "detectip" 10
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exit 10
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fi
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fi
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writePlainTextLog "DDNS IP address (detected): $ipAddress" "info" "ok" "startup"
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else
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writePlainTextLog "DDNS IP address (supplied): $ipAddress" "info" "ok" "startup"
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fi
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# iterate DNS records to update
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dnsRecordsToUpdate="$(printf '%s' "${dnsRecords}" | sed "s/${dnsSeparator}*$//")$dnsSeparator"
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while [ -n "$dnsRecordsToUpdate" ] && [ "$dnsRecordsToUpdate" != "$dnsSeparator" ]; do
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record="${dnsRecordsToUpdate%%${dnsSeparator}*}"
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dnsRecordsToUpdate="${dnsRecordsToUpdate#*${dnsSeparator}}"
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if [ -z "$record" ]; then
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continue
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fi
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writePlainTextLog "DNS host record '${record}' queued for update" "info" "ok" "startup"
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done
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### read Cloudflare credentials
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case "$accountFile" in
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/*)
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# absolute path, use as-is
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# shellcheck source=./cloudflare.credentials
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. "$accountFile"
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;;
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*)
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# relative path, rewrite
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# shellcheck source=./cloudflare.credentials
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. "./$accountFile"
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;;
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esac
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if [ -z "$cfKey" ]; then
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writePlainTextLog "Cloudflare authorized API key (cfKey) is either null or undefined; please check your Cloudflare credentials file" "err" "fail" "creds" 21
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exit 21
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fi
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if [ -z "$cfZoneId" ]; then
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writePlainTextLog "Cloudflare zone id (cfZoneId) is either null or undefined; please check your Cloudflare credentials file" "err" "fail" "creds" 22
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exit 22
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fi
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writePlainTextLog "Cloudflare credentials file read successfully" "debug" "ok" "creds"
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### connect to Cloudflare and do what needs to be done!
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dnsRecordsToUpdate="$dnsRecords$dnsSeparator"
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if [ "$ip4" -eq 1 ]; then
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recordType="A"
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elif [ "$ip6" -eq 1 ]; then
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recordType="AAAA"
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fi
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# iterate hosts to update
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while [ -n "$dnsRecordsToUpdate" ] && [ "$dnsRecordsToUpdate" != "$dnsSeparator" ]; do
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record="${dnsRecordsToUpdate%%${dnsSeparator}*}"
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dnsRecordsToUpdate="${dnsRecordsToUpdate#*${dnsSeparator}}"
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if [ -z "$record" ]; then
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continue
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fi
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# exit if curl/network error
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if ! cfLookup="$(
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curl -s -X GET "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/zones/${cfZoneId}/dns_records?name=${record}&type=${recordType}" \
|
|
-H "Authorization: Bearer ${cfKey}" \
|
|
-H "Content-Type: application/json"
|
|
)"; then
|
|
writePlainTextLog "Unable to connect to Cloudflare servers; please try again later." "err" "fail" "cflogin" 3
|
|
exit 3
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# an API error on this GET request likely indicates an authentication error that would affect all remaining operations
|
|
# no reason to continue processing other dns records and pile-up errors which might look like a DoS attempt
|
|
cfSuccess="$(printf "%s" "$cfLookup" | jq -r '.success')"
|
|
if [ "$cfSuccess" = "false" ]; then
|
|
listCFErrors "$cfLookup" "cflogin"
|
|
writePlainTextLog "Cloudflare API error; review any previously logged 'CF-ERR:' lines for details." "err" "fail" "cflogin" 25
|
|
exit 25
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
resultCount="$(printf "%s" "$cfLookup" | jq '.result_info.count')"
|
|
|
|
# skip to the next host if an existing host record cannot be found (this script *updates* only, does not create!)
|
|
if [ "$resultCount" = "0" ]; then
|
|
writePlainTextLog "Cannot find an existing record matching '${record}' to update" "warn" "warn" "ddns"
|
|
invalidDomainCount=$((invalidDomainCount + 1))
|
|
continue
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
objectId=$(printf "%s" "$cfLookup" | jq -r '.result | .[] | .id')
|
|
currentIpAddr=$(printf "%s" "$cfLookup" | jq -r '.result | .[] | .content')
|
|
writePlainTextLog "The current IP address for '${record}' is ${currentIpAddr}" "debug" "ok" "ddns"
|
|
|
|
# skip to next hostname if record already up to date
|
|
if [ "$currentIpAddr" = "$ipAddress" ]; then
|
|
writePlainTextLog "The IP address for '${record}' is already up to date" "info" "ok" "ddns"
|
|
continue
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# update record
|
|
updateJSON="$(jq -n --arg key0 content --arg value0 "${ipAddress}" '{($key0):$value0}')"
|
|
|
|
# exit if curl/network error
|
|
if ! cfResult="$(
|
|
curl -s -X PATCH "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/zones/${cfZoneId}/dns_records/${objectId}" \
|
|
-H "Authorization: Bearer ${cfKey}" \
|
|
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
|
|
--data "${updateJSON}"
|
|
)"; then
|
|
writePlainTextLog "Unable to connect to Cloudflare servers; please try again later." "err" "fail" "ddns" 3
|
|
exit 3
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# note update success or failure
|
|
cfSuccess="$(printf "%s" "$cfResult" | jq '.success')"
|
|
if [ "$cfSuccess" = "true" ]; then
|
|
writePlainTextLog "The IP address for '${record}' successfully updated" "info" "ok" "ddns"
|
|
else
|
|
listCFErrors "$cfResult" "ddns"
|
|
writePlainTextLog "Unable to update the IP address for '${record}'" "err" "fail" "ddns"
|
|
# do not exit with error, API error here is probably an update issue specific to this host
|
|
# increment counter and note it after all processing finished
|
|
failedHostCount=$((failedHostCount + 1))
|
|
fi
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
# exit
|
|
if [ "$invalidDomainCount" -ne 0 ]; then
|
|
writePlainTextLog "${invalidDomainCount} invalid host(s) were supplied for updating" "warn" "warn" "ddns"
|
|
fi
|
|
if [ "$failedHostCount" -ne 0 ]; then
|
|
writePlainTextLog \
|
|
"${failedHostCount} host update(s) failed; review 'CF-ERR:' lines in this log to help determine what may have gone wrong" "err" "fail" "ddns" 26
|
|
exit 26
|
|
else
|
|
writePlainTextLog "${scriptName} completed successfully" "info" "ok" "script"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
### exit return codes
|
|
# 0: normal exit, no errors
|
|
# 1: invalid or unknown parameter
|
|
# 2: cannot find or access required external program(s)
|
|
# 3: curl error (probably connection)
|
|
# 10: cannot auto-detect IP address
|
|
# 21: accountFile has a null or missing cfKey variable
|
|
# 22: accountFile has a null or missing cfZoneId variable
|
|
# 25: Cloudflare API error
|
|
# 26: one or more updates failed
|
|
# 99: unspecified error occurred
|