diff --git a/pilerBackup/pilerbackup.sh b/pilerBackup/pilerbackup.sh
index 44b19b6..05566c8 100755
--- a/pilerBackup/pilerbackup.sh
+++ b/pilerBackup/pilerbackup.sh
@@ -74,39 +74,39 @@ cleanup () {
     # cleanup 503 if copied
     if [ "$err503Copied" -eq 1 ]; then
         if ! rm -f "$webroot/$err503File" 2>>"$logFile"; then
-            printf "${warn}[%s] -- [WARNING] Could not remove 503 error page." \
-                "$(stamp)" >> "$logFile"
+            printf "%s[%s] -- [WARNING] Could not remove 503 error page." \
+                "$warn" "$(stamp)" >> "$logFile"
             printf " Web interface will not function until this file is " \
                 >> "$logFile"
-            printf "removed --${norm}\n" >> "$logFile"
+            printf "removed --%s\n" "$norm" >> "$logFile"
             warnCount=$((warnCount+1))
         else
-            printf "${cyan}[%s] -- [INFO] 503 error page removed --${norm}\n" \
-                "$(stamp)" >> "$logFile"
+            printf "%s[%s] -- [INFO] 503 error page removed --%s\n" \
+                "$cyan" "$(stamp)" "$norm" >> "$logFile"
         fi
     fi
     # remove EML temporary directory
     if ! rm -rf "$exportDir" 2>>"$logFile"; then
-        printf "${warn}[%s] -- [WARNING] Could not remove EML export tmp dir:" \
-            "$(stamp)" >> "$logFile"
+        printf "%s[%s] -- [WARNING] Could not remove EML export tmp dir:" \
+            "$warn" "$(stamp)" >> "$logFile"
         printf "\n%s\n" "$exportDir" >> "$logFile"
-        printf "please remove this directory manually! --${norm}\n" \
+        printf "please remove this directory manually! --%s\n" "$norm" \
             >> "$logFile"
         warnCount=$((warnCount+1))
     else
-        printf "${cyan}[%s] -- [INFO] EML temp directory removed --${norm}\n" \
-            "$(stamp)" >> "$logFile"
+        printf "%s[%s] -- [INFO] EML temp directory removed --%s\n" \
+            "$cyan" "$(stamp)" "$norm" >> "$logFile"
     fi
 }
 
 # call cleanup and then exit with error report
 exitError () {
-    printf "${err}[%s] -- [ERROR] %s: %s --${norm}\n" \
-            "$(stamp)" "$1" "$2" >> "$logFile"
+    printf "%s[%s] -- [ERROR] %s: %s --%s\n" \
+            "$err" "$(stamp)" "$1" "$2" "$norm" >> "$logFile"
     cleanup
     # note script completion with error
-    printf "${err}[%s] --- %s execution completed with error ---${norm}\n" \
-        "$(stamp)" "$scriptName" >> "$logFile"
+    printf "%s[%s] --- %s execution completed with error ---%s\n" \
+        "$err" "$(stamp)" "$scriptName" "$norm" >> "$logFile"
     exit "$1"
 }