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+# Recidivists (repeat offenders)
+
+Sometimes, people just can't take a hint and in some cases, the same systems will continue probing your system even after being banned several times.  I choose to call these '*recidivists*' and setup a special jail for them.  The *recidivist jail* scans the **fail2ban** log to search for systems that have been issued a certain threshold number of bans already.  If any are found, they are issued a longer-term ban.  Let's go though the configuration:
+
+## Recidivist jail (*jail.d/recidivist.conf*)
+
+The beginning of the file should already be familiar to you along with the fact that the '*ignoreip*' parameter is optional.  Remember that we are searching for repeat offenders.  In other words, they have *already* been issued a ban by F2B so their IP will already appear in F2B's log, which is why we are searching that file.
+
+```ini
+logpath   = /var/log/fail2ban.log
+```
+
+Timeframes here present a bit of a twist in thinking.  In this case, '*maxretry*' refers to how many previous bans have been issued in '*findtime*' period.
+
+```ini
+maxretry    = 3
+findtime    = 86400
+```
+
+In this example, I'm saying that if a particular host has already been banned 3 times in the last 24 hours (86400 seconds), then they need to be put in this jail!  You should adjust these values to reflect your tolerance levels for repeat offenders.  **Note: The '*dbpurgeage*' you specified in your *fail2ban.conf* file must be at least as long as your '*findtime*' parameter here so there's enough history for F2B to review!**
+
+The entire point of this jail is to levy longer bantimes than ordinary jails which generally use the default set in '*jail.conf*'.  Therefore, we explictly specify a time here, 3 days in this case (86,400 seconds = 1 day x 3 = 259,200 seconds):
+
+```ini
+bantime     = 259200
+```
+
+Finally, we need to let F2B know what filter to use when parsing it's own log file. We'll use the *recidive* filter provided by F2B for exactly this purpose.  Since we are calling this filter from a jail with a different name (i.e. the jail is not also called 'recidive'), we have to make that clear to the filter.  Finally, we also enable the jail.
+
+```ini
+filter      = recidive[_jailname="recidivist"]
+enabled     = true
+```
+
+## Apply the extended ban via iptables directly
+
+You'll notice that the '*recidivist*' jail configuration contains the following line:
+
+```ini
+banaction   = iptables-allports
+```
+
+This means that the ban is generated by creating a rule directly applied to your iptables configuration and **not** through UFW.  This is because UFW has no facility to tag or otherwise distinguish rules apart from their index number.  As such, it's possible for the *UFW-probe* jail **unban** process to erase the longer-term *recidivist* ban and vice versa.  To avoid this conflict, we have the longer-term rule apply to iptables directly as a separate rule so UFW-probe can ban/unban independently as needed without any risk of conflicts.
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